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Inflammatory mechanisms in COPD. Cigarette smoke (and other irritants) Download Scientific Diagram Emphysema is a chronic lung disease where the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs are damaged, leading to shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange. The role of cigarette smoke induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD Respiratory Research Springer Nature Link Emphysema Facts: All You Need To Know About This Pulmonary Disease
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